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Colposcopy

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Colposcopy

Definition

The cervix is the lower, narrow part of the uterus (womb). A special magnifying device with a light, called a colposcope, can be used to visually examine the cervix and vagina.
Female Reproductive Organs
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Reasons for Procedure

Colposcopy is usually done when a:
This procedure can be used to:
  • Help diagnose cervical cancer or precancerous changes
  • Give more information about abnormal cells found on a pap smear
  • Find the location where a tissue biopsy should be done
  • Monitor treatment of abnormalities of the cervix
  • Allow a visual exam of the cervix, vaginal walls, or vulva

Possible Complications

Complications are rare. But, no procedure is completely free of risk. If you are planning to have colposcopy, your doctor will review a list of possible complications. These may include:
  • Bleeding
  • Infection
  • Discomfort

What to Expect

Prior to Procedure

In the 24 hours before the procedure, your doctor may advise you to avoid:
  • Having sexual intercourse
  • Using medicine or creams in your vagina

Anesthesia

Usually no anesthesia is needed. In certain cases, the cervix may be numbed with a local anesthetic.

Description of the Procedure

You will lie on your back with your feet in foot rests. A device called a speculum will be inserted into your vagina. The speculum will gently spread apart the vaginal walls. The inside of the vagina and the cervix will be easier to see. The colposcope will be placed at the opening of the vagina. Then, the cervix will be wiped with a solution. The solution will make abnormal areas easier to see. The cervix and vagina will be examined closely with the colposcope. A long tool may be used to take a sample of tissue from the cervix or vaginal wall.

How Long Will It Take?

About 5-10 minutes

How Much Will It Hurt?

This procedure is usually painless. If a biopsy is taken, you may feel a slight pinch and mild cramping.

Post-procedure Care

When you return home after the procedure, do the following to help ensure a smooth recovery:
  • If you did not have a biopsy, return to normal activities. You may have light bleeding for a couple of days.
  • If you had a biopsy, you may feel sore for a day or two. You may also have bleeding and dark discharge. You may need to use a sanitary pad for a few days. Do not put anything into your vagina for at least a week. Do not use tampons or have sex.
  • Baths and showers are OK.
Results from a biopsy should be ready in about one week. The results will determine whether you need more testing or treatment.

Call Your Doctor

After arriving home, contact your doctor if any of the following occurs:
  • Heavy bleeding
  • Fever, chills
  • Severe pain
  • Bad-smelling vaginal discharge
In case of an emergency, call for medical help right away.

RESOURCES

The American Academy of Family Physicians http://familydoctor.org/

The American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists http://www.acog.org/For%5FPatients

CANADIAN RESOURCES

Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada http://www.sogc.org/

Women's Health Matters http://www.womenshealthmatters.ca/

References

American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Management of abnormal cervical cytology and histology. Practice Bulletin No. 99. December 2008.

Colposcopy. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists website. Available at: http://www.acog.org/~/media/For%20Patients/faq135.pdf?dmc=1&ts=20121219T1514556583 . Accessed December 19, 2012.

Colposcopy. FamilyDoctor.org website. Available at: http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/cervical-cancer/diagnosis-tests/colposcopy.html . Updated August 2010. Accessed December 19, 2012.

Revision Information

This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.

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