Calf Muscle Strain

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Calf Muscle Strain

(Pulled Calf Muscle; Gastrocnemius Strain; Gastrocnemius Tear; Gastrocnemius Muscle Injury)

Definition

A calf muscle strain is a partial or complete tear of the small fibers of the muscles. The calf muscles are located in the back of your lower leg.

The Calf Muscles

Causes

A calf muscle strain can be caused by:

Stretching the calf muscles beyond the amount of tension they can withstand
Suddenly putting stress on the calf muscles when they are not ready for the stress
Using the calf muscles too much on a certain day
A direct blow to the calf muscles

Risk Factors

Factors that increase your chance of developing a calf muscle strain:

Participation in sports that require bursts of speed. This includes track sports like running, hurdles, or long jump. Other sports include basketball, soccer, football, or rugby.
Previous strain or injury to the area.
Muscle fatigue.
Tight calf muscles.

Symptoms

Symptoms may include:

Pain and tenderness in the calf
Stiffness in the calf muscles
Weakness of the calf muscles
Pain when pushing off the foot or standing on tiptoe
Bruising on the calf
Popping sensation as the muscle tears

Diagnosis

The doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done.

Most calf muscle strains can be diagnosed with a physical exam. Your doctor may want images of the area if severe damage is suspected. Images may be taken with x-ray or MRI.

Muscle strains are graded according to their severity:

Grade 1—Some stretching with micro-tearing of muscle fibers.
Grade 2—Partial tearing of muscle fibers.
Grade 3—Complete tearing of muscle fibers. This may also be called a rupture or avulsion.

Treatment

Talk with your doctor about the best treatment plan for you. Recovery time ranges depending on the grade of your injury. Treatment steps may include:

Acute Care

Rest

Your muscle will need time to heal. Avoid activities that place extra stress on these muscles:

Do not do activities that cause pain. This includes running, jumping, and weight lifting using the leg muscles.
If normal walking hurts, shorten your stride.
Do not play sports until your doctor has said it is safe to do so.

Cold

Apply an ice or a cold pack to the area for 15-20 minutes, four times a day, for several days after the injury. Do not apply the ice directly to your skin. Wrap the ice or cold pack in a towel.

Pain Relief Medications

To manage pain, your doctor may recommend:

Over-the-counter medication, such as aspirin, ibuprofen, or acetaminophen
Topical pain medication—creams or patches that are applied to the skin
Prescription pain relievers

Compression

Compression can help prevent more swelling. Your doctor may recommend an elastic compression bandage around your calf. Be careful not to wrap the bandage too tight.

Elevation

Elevation can also help keep swelling down. Keep your leg higher than your heart as much as possible for the first 24 hours or so. A couple of days of elevation might be recommended for severe strains.

Recovery Steps

Heat

Use heat only when you are returning to physical activity. Heat may then be used before stretching or getting ready to play sports to help loosen the muscle.

Stretching

When the acute pain is gone, start gentle stretching as recommended. Stay within pain limits. Hold each stretch for about 10 seconds and repeat six times. Stretch several times a day.

Strengthening

Begin strengthening exercises for your muscles as recommended.

If you are diagnosed with a calf muscle strain, follow your doctor's instructions.

Prevention

To reduce the chance of calf muscle strain:

Keep your calf muscles strong, so they can absorb the energy of sudden physical stress
Learn the proper technique for exercise and sporting activities to decrease stress on all your muscles

RESOURCES

American Academy of Family Physicians Family Doctor http://www.aafp.org

American Council on Exercise http://www.acefitness.org

CANADIAN RESOURCES

Health Canada http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca

Healthy U http://www.healthyalberta.com

References

Armfield DR. Sports-related muscle injury in the lower extremity. Clin Sports Med. 2006;25(4):803-42.

Calf strain. EBSCO DynaMed website. Available at: http://www.ebscohost.com/dynamed/what.php. Updated November 3, 2012. Accessed April 26, 2013

Campbell JT. Posterior calf injury. Foot Ankle Clin. 2009 Dec;14(4):761-771.

Douis H, Gillett M, et al. Imaging in the diagnosis, prognostication, and management of lower limb muscle injury. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 2011 Feb;15(1):27-41.

Johns Hopkins sports medicine patient guide to muscle strain. John Hopkins Medicine website. Available at: http://www.hopkinsortho.org/muscle%5Fstrain.html. Accessed April 26, 2013.

Sprains, strains, and tears. American College of Sports Medicine website. Available at: http://www.acsm.org/docs/brochures/sprains-strains-and-tears.pdf. Accessed April 26, 2013.

1/4/2011 DynaMed's Systematic Literature Surveillance https://dynamed.ebscohost.com/about/about-us: Massey T, Derry S, Moore R, McQuay H. Topical NSAIDs for acute pain in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;(6):CD007402.

Revision Information

Reviewer: Kari Kassir, MD; Brian Randall, MD
Review Date: 04/2013 -
Update Date: 04/26/2013 -

This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.

Cartersville Medical Center